ROSH Gastrointestinal Practice Exam

Which lifestyle factor is most closely associated with an increased risk of liver cirrhosis?

1. Regular exercise

2. Chronic alcohol use

3. High fiber diet

4. Low saturated fat intake

The correct answer is: Chronic alcohol use

Chronic alcohol use is primarily linked to liver cirrhosis due to the toxic effects of alcohol on liver cells and the liver's metabolic processes. When alcohol is consumed in excess, it can lead to a range of liver issues, including fatty liver disease, alcoholic hepatitis, and ultimately cirrhosis. The liver processes alcohol, but excessive intake overwhelms its capacity to detoxify, resulting in inflammation, fibrosis, and scarring of liver tissue. This progression can culminate in cirrhosis, which significantly impairs liver function and can lead to severe complications. In contrast, regular exercise, a high fiber diet, and low saturated fat intake are generally associated with positive health outcomes and reduced risk of liver disease. Regular physical activity can promote a healthy body weight and metabolic function, while a high fiber diet contributes to better gut health and metabolism. Similarly, reducing saturated fat can lower the risk of obesity and associated metabolic disorders, both of which can also negatively impact liver health. Thus, while these lifestyle factors are beneficial, chronic alcohol use stands out as the predominant risk factor for liver cirrhosis.